De Clercq D, Aerts P, Kunnen M
Department of Kinesiology and Sport Pedagogics, University of Ghent (RUG), Belgium.
J Biomech. 1994 Oct;27(10):1213-22. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(94)90275-5.
The compressive properties of the heel pad during the heel strike when running (barefoot and shod, two subjects, 4.5 m s-1) were studied by means of a high-speed two-dimensional cineradiographic registration (150 frames s-1) of an actual running step. Vertical ground reaction forces were measured with a force platform. In barefoot running the heel pad deforms to a maximal percentage deformation of 60.5 +/- 5.5%. In shod running the heel pad deforms only 35.5 +/- 2.5% and the nonlinear force-deformation relationship reflects an increasing stiffness when deformation rises. Although the amplitudes of the vertical ground reaction forces do not differ notably in both conditions, barefoot running implies a maximal deformation to the fatty heel tissue, reducing its functional role from shock reduction towards local protection of the heel bone. It is argued that embedding the foot in a well-fitting shoe increases the effective stiffness of the heel pad.
通过对实际跑步步伐进行高速二维电影射线照相记录（每秒150帧），研究了跑步（赤脚和穿鞋，两名受试者，速度4.5米/秒）时足跟垫在足跟触地阶段的压缩特性。使用测力平台测量垂直地面反作用力。在赤脚跑步时，足跟垫变形至最大百分比变形为60.5±5.5%。在穿鞋跑步时，足跟垫仅变形35.5±2.5%，并且非线性力-变形关系反映出随着变形增加刚度增大。尽管在两种情况下垂直地面反作用力的幅度没有显著差异，但赤脚跑步意味着足跟脂肪组织会发生最大变形，从而将其从减震功能转变为对跟骨的局部保护作用。有人认为，将脚穿入合脚的鞋子会增加足跟垫的有效刚度。
