Field A E, Colditz G A, Willett W C, Longcope C, McKinlay J B
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Channing Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Nov;79(5):1310-6. doi: 10.1210/jcem.79.5.7962322.
The relationships of cigarette smoking, age, relative weight, and dietary intake to serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, cortisol, 3-alpha-androstanediol, 3-alpha-androstanediol-glucuronide, testosterone, albumin-bound testosterone, free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were examined cross-sectionally in 1241 randomly sampled middle-aged U.S. men. Compared with nonsmokers and independent of relative weight (body mass index) and age, cigarette smokers had increased serum levels of DHEA (18% higher, P = 0.0002), DHEAS (13% higher, P = 0.0007), cortisol (5% higher, P = 0.01), androstenedione (33% higher, P = 0.0001), testosterone (9% higher, P = 0.009), DHT (14% higher, P = 0.004), and SHBG (8% higher, P = 0.004). Androstenedione, total plasma testosterone, albumin-bound testosterone, DHT, and SHBG decreased with increasing relative weight. Age was positively associated with serum SHBG and negatively associated with albumin-bound testosterone, DHEA, and DHEAS. An association was found between alcohol intake and DHEA (r = 0.15; P = 0.0001), cortisol (r = 0.10; P = 0.0007), and 3-alpha-androstanediol-glucuronide (r = 0.08; P = 0.0004). Cortisol was the only hormone that was associated with carbohydrate intake (r = -0.09; P = 0.002). The only hormones associated with dietary lipids were DHT (for vegetable fat, r = 0.07; P = 0.02), cortisol (for total fat, r = 0.08; P = 0.007), and SHBG (for animal fat, r = -0.06; P = 0.05). In addition, SHBG was positively associated with dietary (r = 0.07; P = 0.008) and crude (r = 0.08; P = 0.007) fiber. These data suggest that serum adrenal steroid and sex hormone concentrations in middle-aged men are more influenced by cigarette smoking, age, and obesity than by dietary intake; however, serum adrenal steroids were influenced by alcohol intake.
对1241名随机抽样的美国中年男性进行了横断面研究，以考察吸烟、年龄、相对体重和饮食摄入与血清脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）、硫酸脱氢表雄酮（DHEAS）、雄烯二酮、皮质醇、3-α-雄烷二醇、3-α-雄烷二醇葡糖苷酸、睾酮、白蛋白结合睾酮、游离睾酮、双氢睾酮（DHT）和性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG）之间的关系。与不吸烟者相比，且独立于相对体重（体重指数）和年龄，吸烟者的血清DHEA水平升高（高18%，P = 0.0002）、DHEAS水平升高（高13%，P = 0.0007）、皮质醇水平升高（高5%，P = 0.01）、雄烯二酮水平升高（高33%，P = 0.0001）、睾酮水平升高（高9%，P = 0.009）、DHT水平升高（高14%，P = 0.004）以及SHBG水平升高（高8%，P = 0.004）。雄烯二酮、总血浆睾酮、白蛋白结合睾酮、DHT和SHBG随相对体重增加而降低。年龄与血清SHBG呈正相关，与白蛋白结合睾酮、DHEA和DHEAS呈负相关。发现酒精摄入与DHEA（r = 0.15；P = 0.0001）、皮质醇（r = 0.10；P = 0.0007）和3-α-雄烷二醇葡糖苷酸（r = 0.08；P = 0.0004）之间存在关联。皮质醇是唯一与碳水化合物摄入相关的激素（r = -0.09；P = 0.002）。与膳食脂质相关的唯一激素是DHT（对于植物脂肪，r = 0.07；P = 0.02）、皮质醇（对于总脂肪，r = 0.08；P = 0.007）和SHBG（对于动物脂肪，r = -0.06；P = 0.05）。此外，SHBG与膳食（r = 0.07；P = 0.008）和粗纤维（r = 0.08；P = 0.007）呈正相关。这些数据表明，中年男性的血清肾上腺类固醇和性激素浓度受吸烟、年龄和肥胖的影响大于饮食摄入；然而，血清肾上腺类固醇受酒精摄入的影响。
