Cox B J, Endler N S, Norton G R
Anxiety Disorders Clinic, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1994 Mar;25(1):35-40. doi: 10.1016/0005-7916(94)90061-2.
Many individuals experience DSM-III-R-defined panic attacks but do not seek treatment--"nonclinical panic". However, there is a substantial range in the frequency of panic attacks reported by these individuals. The present study compared 35 frequent panickers (panic in a 3-week period), 50 infrequent panickers (panic in the past year only), and 267 nonpanickers (no lifetime history of panic) on several measures of psychopathology and panic attack characteristics. Only the frequent panickers had significantly elevated levels of self-reported psychopathology and phobic avoidance compared to nonpanickers, and the three groups of subjects differed significantly on anxiety sensitivity scores. Frequent and infrequent panickers reported similar panic attack characteristics. Overall, the results strongly suggest that only frequent panickers exemplify the anxiety state referred to as "nonclinical panic."
许多人经历过符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第三版修订本》（DSM-III-R）定义的惊恐发作，但并未寻求治疗——即“非临床惊恐”。然而，这些人报告的惊恐发作频率差异很大。本研究比较了35名频发惊恐者（在3周内有惊恐发作）、50名偶发惊恐者（仅在过去一年中有惊恐发作）和267名无惊恐者（无终生惊恐发作史）在几种精神病理学指标和惊恐发作特征方面的情况。与无惊恐者相比，只有频发惊恐者自我报告的精神病理学水平和恐惧回避显著升高，且三组受试者在焦虑敏感性得分上有显著差异。频发和偶发惊恐者报告的惊恐发作特征相似。总体而言，结果强烈表明，只有频发惊恐者才体现出被称为“非临床惊恐”的焦虑状态。
