Chavalitsakulchai P, Shahnavaz H
Department of Human Work Sciences, Luleå University, Sweden.
J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 1993 Dec;22(2):95-113.
In industrial work, working postures play an important role, separately and combined with other strain factors. The combined effects may be worse than those of single factors. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the body size, work postures and musculoskeletal discomforts between a group of female workers in a pharmaceutical plant and another group in a textile plant. Two hundred workers have participated in the following studies; (i) measuring anthropometric data in the standing and sitting positions, (ii) using the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS), and (iii) using the detail Standardized Nordic Questionnaire for analyzing the musculoskeletal troubles in different parts of the body. The investigation has identified five main factors associated with the musculoskeletal discomforts: (i) lack of worker selection and lack of appropriate training to prevent occupational hazards or work-related diseases, (ii) poor ergonomic design of the work place and task including work organization, (iii) poor working postures, (iv) lack of task variation, and (v) insufficient rest breaks. These could be improved by introducing ergonomic interventions for both adjusting the individual work places and the task performed. It is necessary to consider preventive measures for musculoskeletal disorders, especially for female workers in industrially developing countries. Ergonomic aspects of the preventive measures should include: (a) consideration of appropriate worker selection for various works with sufficient training and instruction, (b) ergonomic redesign of work places, and (c) ergonomic considerations in work organization.
在工业工作中，工作姿势单独或与其他劳损因素相结合时都起着重要作用。综合影响可能比单一因素更严重。本调查的目的是比较一家制药厂的一组女工和一家纺织厂的另一组女工之间的身体尺寸、工作姿势和肌肉骨骼不适情况。200名工人参与了以下研究：（i）测量站立和坐姿时的人体测量数据；（ii）使用欧瓦科工作姿势分析系统（OWAS）；（iii）使用详细的标准化北欧问卷分析身体不同部位的肌肉骨骼问题。调查确定了与肌肉骨骼不适相关的五个主要因素：（i）缺乏工人筛选和缺乏预防职业危害或与工作相关疾病的适当培训；（ii）工作场所和任务的人体工程学设计不佳，包括工作组织；（iii）不良的工作姿势；（iv）缺乏任务变化；（v）休息时间不足。通过引入人体工程学干预措施来调整个人工作场所和执行的任务，可以改善这些情况。有必要考虑针对肌肉骨骼疾病的预防措施，特别是对于工业发展中国家的女工。预防措施的人体工程学方面应包括：（a）考虑为各项工作选择合适的工人并给予充分的培训和指导；（b）对工作场所进行人体工程学重新设计；（c）在工作组织中考虑人体工程学因素。
