Greenberg J, Pyszczynski T, Solomon S, Simon L, Breus M
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994 Oct;67(4):627-37. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.67.4.627.
On the basis of terror management theory, research has shown that subtle mortality salience inductions engender increased prejudice, nationalism, and intergroup bias. Study 1 replicated this effect (increased preference for a pro-U.S. author over an anti-U.S. author) and found weaker effects when Ss are led to think more deeply about mortality or about the death of a loved one. Study 2 showed that this effect is not produced by thoughts of non-death-related aversive events. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated that this effect occurs only if Ss are distracted from mortality salience before assessment of its effects. Study 4 revealed that although the accessibility of death-related thoughts does not increase immediately after mortality salience, it does increase after Ss are distracted from mortality salience. These findings suggest that mortality salience effects are unique to thoughts of death and occur primarily when such thoughts are highly accessible but outside of consciousness.
基于恐惧管理理论，研究表明，微妙的死亡凸显诱导会引发更多的偏见、民族主义和群体间偏见。研究1重复了这一效应（相较于反美作者，对亲美作者的偏好增加），并发现当被试者被引导更深入地思考死亡或所爱之人的死亡时，效应会减弱。研究2表明，这种效应并非由与死亡无关的厌恶事件的想法所产生。研究2和3证明，只有当被试者在评估其影响之前从死亡凸显中分心时，才会出现这种效应。研究4表明，尽管与死亡相关的想法的可及性在死亡凸显后不会立即增加，但在被试者从死亡凸显中分心后会增加。这些发现表明，死亡凸显效应是死亡想法所特有的，并且主要发生在这些想法极易进入但处于意识之外的时候。
