Wu W J, Wolcott R M, Pruett S B
Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Nov;271(2):722-9.
The effects of acute administration of ethanol (EtOH) on natural killer (NK) cells have not previously been examined in mice or humans. In the present study, a single dose of EtOH (5.0-7.0 g/kg) was administered by gavage to B6C3F1 mice. This produced maximum blood EtOH levels of approximately 0.25 to 0.50% (wt/vol). A single dose of EtOH decreased splenic NK cell activity (as measured by lysis of YAC-1 target cells in vitro). This decrease was maximal 12 hr after dosing and was no longer evident at 60 hr. Suppression of NK cell activity was consistently significant at EtOH doses of 6.0 or 6.5 g/kg, and significant suppression occurred in two of three experiments at doses of 5.0 or 5.5 g/kg. Flow cytometric analysis indicated a decrease in the percentage of NK cells in the spleen in EtOH-treated mice, and there was a small decrease in the total number of splenocytes. However, the decrease in the percentage of NK cells was significantly less than the decrease in NK cell activity, suggesting an effect on NK cell activity as well as NK cell number. Splenic T cells were not depleted, but B cells were significantly decreased at the highest EtOH dose. Enhancement of NK activity after in vivo administration of polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid was blocked by EtOH (6.0 g/kg). These results indicate acute exposure to EtOH decreases basal and induced splenic NK cell activity in mice and that loss of NK cells at least partially explains the decrease in basal NK cell activity.
乙醇（EtOH）急性给药对小鼠或人类自然杀伤（NK）细胞的影响此前尚未进行过研究。在本研究中，通过灌胃给B6C3F1小鼠单次给予EtOH（5.0 - 7.0 g/kg）。这使血液中EtOH的最高水平达到约0.25%至0.50%（重量/体积）。单次给予EtOH可降低脾脏NK细胞活性（通过体外裂解YAC - 1靶细胞来测定）。这种降低在给药后12小时达到最大，60小时时不再明显。在EtOH剂量为6.0或6.5 g/kg时，NK细胞活性的抑制始终显著，在三个实验中的两个实验里，5.0或5.5 g/kg的剂量也出现了显著抑制。流式细胞术分析表明，经EtOH处理的小鼠脾脏中NK细胞的百分比降低，脾细胞总数略有减少。然而，NK细胞百分比的降低明显小于NK细胞活性的降低，这表明EtOH对NK细胞活性以及NK细胞数量均有影响。脾脏T细胞未减少，但在最高EtOH剂量下B细胞显著减少。体内给予聚肌苷酸 - 聚胞苷酸后NK活性的增强被EtOH（6.0 g/kg）阻断。这些结果表明，急性接触EtOH会降低小鼠脾脏基础和诱导的NK细胞活性，并且NK细胞的减少至少部分解释了基础NK细胞活性的降低。
