Shaw J I, Skolnick P
Department of Psychology, California State University, Northridge 91330.
J Soc Psychol. 1994 Aug;134(4):413-20. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1994.9712191.
Two aspects of eyewitness identification were tested: sex differences in eyewitness reliability and an explanation of the weapon focus effect that is based on object salience. One hundred ninety-one male and female American college students watched a slide sequence that depicted a male or female target person enacting a simple behavioral progression while holding various objects. Afterward, the subjects attempted to identify the target person in a photospread and to recall physical details about him or her on a questionnaire. The results confirmed a predicted own-sex identification bias effect (p < .001) but did not support the object salience hypothesis. An interaction between subject sex and object indicated that men and women attended to and were distracted by different types of objects (p < .009).
目击证人可靠性的性别差异以及基于物体显著性的武器聚焦效应的一种解释。191名美国男女大学生观看了一组幻灯片，幻灯片描绘了一名男性或女性目标人物手持各种物品做出简单行为动作的过程。之后，受试者尝试在一组照片中识别目标人物，并在问卷上回忆关于他或她的身体细节。结果证实了预测的同性别识别偏差效应（p <.001），但不支持物体显著性假设。受试者性别与物体之间的交互作用表明，男性和女性关注不同类型的物体并受到其干扰（p <.009）。
