Harrell W A
Centre for Experimental Sociology, University of Alberta, Canada.
J Soc Psychol. 1994 Aug;134(4):529-39. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1994.9712203.
Factors that influenced 187 Canadian motorists to stop or not stop when blind pedestrians started to cross a busy city street were investigated. The motorists were significantly more likely to stop for a blind pedestrian than for a sighted pedestrian. This finding is consistent with the norm of social responsibility. However, the impact of this norm was dampened by the possible costs entailed in stopping, such as the risk to the blind pedestrian of crossing when other motorists had failed to see him or were unwilling to stop. These perceived costs, tending to decrease motorist helpfulness, were reduced by the addition of a sighted companion. The motorists were also more likely to stop for pairs of pedestrians than for single pedestrians.
研究人员调查了影响187名加拿大驾车者在盲人行人开始穿过繁忙城市街道时停车或不停车的因素。与有视力的行人相比，驾车者明显更有可能为盲人行人停车。这一发现与社会责任规范相符。然而，这种规范的影响因停车可能带来的成本而受到抑制，比如当其他驾车者没有看到盲人行人或不愿意停车时，盲人行人过马路的风险。这些被感知到的成本往往会降低驾车者提供帮助的意愿，而有视力的同伴的加入则减少了这些成本。驾车者也更有可能为成对的行人停车，而不是为单个行人停车。
