Kim Karl, Brunner I Made, Yamashita Eric
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Saunders Hall 107, 2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Nov;40(6):2043-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2008.08.021. Epub 2008 Sep 18.
Using a comprehensive database of police-reported accidents in Hawaii, we describe the nature of pedestrian accidents over the period 2002-2005. Approximately 36% of the accidents occur in residential areas, while another 34% occur in business areas. Only 41.7% of the pedestrian accidents occur at intersections. More pedestrian crashes occur at non-intersection locations-including midblock locations, driveways, parking lots, and other off roadway locations. Approximately 38.2% of the crashes occur at crosswalk locations, while proportionately more (61.8%) of the pedestrian accidents occur at non-crosswalk locations. Using this database the human, temporal, roadway, and environmental factors associated with being "at-fault" for both pedestrians and drivers are also examined. Using techniques of logistic regression, several different explanatory models are constructed, to identify the factors associated with crashes producing fatalities and serious injuries. Finally, two pedestrian models (drunk males and young boys) and one driver model (male commuters) are developed to provide further understanding of pedestrian accident causation. Drunk male pedestrians who were jaywalking were in excess of 10x more likely than other groups to be at-fault in pedestrian accidents. Young boys in residential areas were also more likely to be at-fault. Male commuters in business areas in the morning were also found to have higher odds of being classified at-fault when involved in pedestrian accidents. The results of this study indicate that there should be a combination of enforcement and educational programs implemented for both the pedestrian and drivers to show those at-fault the consequences of their actions, and to reduce the overall number of accidents.
利用夏威夷警方报告事故的综合数据库，我们描述了2002年至2005年期间行人事故的性质。约36%的事故发生在住宅区，另有34%发生在商业区。只有41.7%的行人事故发生在十字路口。更多的行人碰撞事故发生在非十字路口位置，包括街区中间位置、车道、停车场和其他道路外位置。约38.2%的碰撞事故发生在人行横道位置，而行人事故中比例更高（61.8%）的事故发生在非人行横道位置。利用该数据库，还研究了与行人和司机“有过错”相关的人为、时间、道路和环境因素。使用逻辑回归技术构建了几个不同的解释模型，以确定与导致死亡和重伤的碰撞事故相关的因素。最后，开发了两个行人模型（醉酒男性和小男孩）和一个司机模型（男性通勤者），以进一步了解行人事故的成因。乱穿马路的醉酒男性行人在行人事故中出现过错的可能性比其他群体高出10倍以上。住宅区的小男孩也更有可能出现过错。早上在商业区的男性通勤者在涉及行人事故时也被发现被归类为有过错的几率更高。这项研究的结果表明，应该针对行人和司机实施执法和教育计划相结合的措施，向那些有过错的人展示其行为的后果，并减少事故总数。
