Sullivan J J, Knowlton R G, Hetzler R K, Woelke P L
Department of Physical Education, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994 Jun;34(2):179-84.
The purpose of this study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics of skilled adolescent pole vaulters and to examine the strength of anthropometric and physical performance variables in predicting vaulting performance (N = 87; age group range 13-18 years). The vaulting height of the subjects ranged from 1.98 to 4.72m (mean 3.58 +/- s.d. 0.536m). The vaulters were classified as ectomorphic mesomorphs with an average somatotype of 1.6-4.2-3.5 (s.d. +/- 0.38-0.94-1.00). One way analysis of variance showed that while measures of stature, physical performance and vault performance significantly increased (p < 0.05) across age groups, somatotype and sum of skinfolds remained stable. Stepwise regression analysis showed the best predictor of vaulting performance was hand grip height (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that grip height was strongly correlated to vault height (r = 0.88), age (r = 0.72), body mass (r = 0.71), standing long jump (r = 0.69), running speed (r = 0.69), biceps girth (r = 0.66), standing height (0.65), calf girth (0.61) and pull-ups (r = 0.44). It was concluded that the somatotype of skilled young pole vaulters is similar to that of junior Olympic and adult Olympic vaulters, and that this somatotype is a selective factor for this event as early as thirteen years of age. Proficiency in pole vaulting is best predicted by grip height, which is strongly correlated to stature and simple field measures of leg speed and power, and upper body muscular endurance. These findings may be applied to the selection and training of young pole vaulters.
本研究的目的是确定青少年优秀撑杆跳高运动员的人体测量学特征，并检验人体测量学和身体表现变量在预测撑杆跳高成绩方面的强度（N = 87；年龄组范围为13 - 18岁）。受试者的跳高成绩在1.98米至4.72米之间（平均3.58 +/-标准差0.536米）。这些撑杆跳高运动员被归类为外胚层中胚层体型，平均体型为1.6 - 4.2 - 3.5（标准差+/- 0.38 - 0.94 - 1.00）。单因素方差分析表明，虽然身高、身体表现和跳高成绩的测量值在各年龄组中显著增加（p < 0.05），但体型和皮褶厚度总和保持稳定。逐步回归分析表明，撑杆跳高成绩的最佳预测指标是握高（R2 = 0.78，p < 0.05）。相关分析表明，握高与跳高高度（r = 0.88）、年龄（r = 0.72）、体重（r = 0.71）、立定跳远（r = 0.69）、跑步速度（r = 0.69）、上臂围（r = 0.66）、身高（0.65）、小腿围（0.61）和引体向上（r = 0.44）密切相关。研究得出结论，优秀的年轻撑杆跳高运动员的体型与青少年奥林匹克和成年奥林匹克撑杆跳高运动员相似，并且这种体型早在13岁时就是该项目的一个选择因素。握高最能预测撑杆跳高的熟练程度，握高与身高以及腿部速度和力量、上身肌肉耐力的简单场地测量密切相关。这些发现可应用于年轻撑杆跳高运动员的选拔和训练。
