Avlonitou E
Hellenic Sports Research Institute, Aristotele University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994 Jun;34(2):185-91.
The present study comprises one facet of a research program focused on describing and seeking implications of different physiques among preadolescent swimmers specialized in different swimming events. The subjects were 231 swimmers of both sexes aged 12 and 13 years. On each subject data were collected for 13 measures of body size, 4 indices of body form and measures of body composition. It was found: (1) The sprint group was the tallest and heaviest, compared to the others, for both sexes. This group also had the highest values for upper and lower limbs, hand and foot lengths. (2) The back group had values quite close to the ones of sprint group. (3) The long distance group was the shortest and lightest group for males and the lightest group for females. (4) The female fly group had a distinct physical structure with lowest values for height, upper and lower limb lengths as well as hip width. (5) Significant but low correlations were obtained between performance and somatometric variables such as height, leg, arm, and hand lengths. The results of this study support the conclusion that for swimmers, participating in different events, variation in body size and form is already present at an early age. As more data will be collected overtime the profile of the age-group swimmer will be more distinct making easier the selection of a particular swimming event.
本研究是一个研究项目的一个方面，该项目专注于描述并探寻专门从事不同游泳项目的青春期前游泳运动员的不同体格特征及其影响。研究对象为231名年龄在12岁和13岁的男女游泳运动员。针对每位研究对象，收集了13项身体尺寸测量数据、4项身体形态指标以及身体成分测量数据。研究发现：（1）短跑组在男女两性中都是最高最重的，与其他组相比，该组上肢、下肢、手和脚的长度数值也最高。（2）仰泳组的数据与短跑组的数据非常接近。（3）长距离组是男性中最矮最轻的组，是女性中最轻的组。（4）女子蝶泳组有独特的身体结构，身高、上肢和下肢长度以及臀宽数值最低。（5）在成绩与身高、腿长、臂长和手长等身体测量变量之间获得了显著但较低的相关性。本研究结果支持以下结论：对于游泳运动员而言，参与不同项目时，身体尺寸和形态的差异在早期就已存在。随着时间推移收集到更多数据，该年龄组游泳运动员的特征将更加明显，从而更容易选择特定的游泳项目。
