Grundmann H
Institut für Umweltmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinik, Freiburg.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 1994 Oct 18;83(42):1176-8.
Worldwide, diarrheal diseases caused by communicable pathogens rank first in morbidity and mortality, particularly in young children. Underprivileged groups of poor societies may still suffer from endemic typhus, bacillary dysentery, or cholera. In children however, a significant proportion of recurrent diarrhoeal episodes is caused by toxigenic enterobacteria, non-thyphoidal salmonella, campylobacter, and viruses. Although outbreaks of classical waterborne epidemics have not been reported from industrialized nations, infectious diarrhea is by no means scarce. Industrial cattlebreeding and food production facilitate the spread of nonthyphoidal salmonella, Campylobacter, and possibly Yersinia enterocolitica. Changes in travel patterns, an increasing number of immunocompromised patients, and migration of people from countries with lower sanitary standards warrants awareness to hitherto exceptional pathogens.
在全球范围内，由传染性病原体引起的腹泻病在发病率和死亡率方面位居首位，尤其是在幼儿中。贫困社会中的弱势群体可能仍会遭受地方性斑疹伤寒、细菌性痢疾或霍乱的折磨。然而，在儿童中，相当一部分反复出现的腹泻发作是由产毒肠杆菌、非伤寒沙门氏菌、弯曲杆菌和病毒引起的。尽管工业化国家尚未报告典型的水源性流行病暴发，但感染性腹泻绝非罕见。工业化的养牛业和食品生产促进了非伤寒沙门氏菌、弯曲杆菌以及可能的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的传播。旅行模式的变化、免疫功能低下患者数量的增加以及来自卫生标准较低国家的人员迁移，都需要人们对迄今罕见的病原体保持警惕。
