[The erythrocyte as a physical system. The kinetics of transmembrane oxygen transport].

It is inferred from analysis of normal physiology data that erythrocyte membrane permeability for the oxygen in human organism must decrease at least 1000 times after oxygenation in the lungs. And the cell membranes of other tissues are also capable to change their permeability for the oxygen. The kinetics of blood oxygenation and deoxygenation is investigated in order to check this conclusion. Measurements of blood oxygenation kinetics together with oxygen tension in blood plasma allows to determine average value of membrane permeability decrease being equal 70 times. Biological expediency of fluctuation of the erythrocyte membrane permeability is discussed. A method of determination of optical oxymeters calibration and hemoglobin-oxygen equilibrium curve for the blood is proposed. It does not require the oxygen equilibrium between the blood plasma and the erythrocyte cytoplasm and uses only readings of a calibrated oxymeter. Variation of non-equilibrial state of the erythrocyte during the oxygen saturation is considered as the cause of the membrane permeability fluctuation. Erythrocyte parameters, such as its volume, substances concentration, transmembrane potential, are shown to depend on the amount of the substances not penetrating through the membrane and on osmotic pressure. A hypothesis of the transmembrane potential influence on the membrane permeability is proposed. The external electric field is shown experimentally to accelerate the blood deoxygenation.