Woollett L A, Dietschy J M
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235-8887.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Dec;60(6 Suppl):991S-996S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/60.6.991S.
The concentration of cholesterol in the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) fraction of plasma is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease. Steady-state concentrations of LDL cholesterol in the plasma are determined primarily by the production rate and the rate of removal of LDL cholesterol from the circulation by receptor-dependent transport. The magnitude of these two processes is affected by the type of fatty acid in the diet. Saturated fatty acids with 14 and 16 carbon atoms suppress receptor-dependent LDL-cholesterol transport into the liver, increase the LDL-cholesterol production rate, and raise the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration. The 9-cis 18:1 fatty acid restores receptor activity, lowers the production rate, and decreases the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration. In contrast with these fatty acids, the 18:0 and 9-trans 18:1 fatty acids are biologically inactive and so do not change the circulating LDL-cholesterol concentration.
血浆低密度脂蛋白（LDL）部分中的胆固醇浓度是冠心病的主要危险因素之一。血浆中LDL胆固醇的稳态浓度主要由生成速率以及通过受体依赖性转运从循环中清除LDL胆固醇的速率决定。这两个过程的程度受饮食中脂肪酸类型的影响。含有14和16个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸会抑制受体依赖性LDL胆固醇向肝脏的转运，增加LDL胆固醇的生成速率，并提高血浆LDL胆固醇浓度。9-顺式18:1脂肪酸可恢复受体活性，降低生成速率，并降低血浆LDL胆固醇浓度。与这些脂肪酸不同，18:0和9-反式18:1脂肪酸没有生物活性，因此不会改变循环中的LDL胆固醇浓度。
