Cannon T D, Mednick S A, Parnas J, Schulsinger F, Praestholm J, Vestergaard A
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994 Dec;51(12):955-62. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950120027006.
We examined differences in ventricular and sulcal cerebrospinal fluid-to-brain ratios as a function of lifetime psychiatric diagnosis in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers (high-risk sample) and in the offspring of normal parents (low-risk sample).
We used a cohort analytic study of 17 high-risk individuals with schizophrenia, 31 high-risk individuals with schizotypal personality disorder, 33 high-risk individuals with nonschizophrenia-spectrum psychiatric disorders, 45 high-risk individuals with no disorders, 31 low-risk individuals with psychiatric disorders of all types, and 46 low-risk individuals with no disorders, evaluated initially in 1962 when they were a mean age of 15 years, and reexamined from 1986 through 1989 with psychiatric interviews and computed tomographic scans of the brain.
High-risk individuals with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder evidenced an equivalent degree of cortical sulcal enlargement, and both groups evidenced significantly greater sulcal enlargement than did high-risk individuals with nonschizophrenia-spectrum disorders and no disorders and low-risk individuals with psychiatric disorders and no disorders. High-risk individuals with schizophrenia evidenced significantly greater ventricular enlargement than did high-risk and low-risk subjects with other disorders and no disorders, including those with schizotypal personality disorder. These differences were independent of age, gender, history of substance dependence, and history of organic brain syndromes and head injuries.
Among the offspring of schizophrenic parents, cortical abnormalities are expressed equally across the range of syndromes in the schizophrenia spectrum. Subcortical abnormalities (ie, ventricular enlargement) are more pronounced in the more severe syndrome (ie, schizophrenia).
我们研究了精神分裂症母亲的后代（高危样本）以及正常父母的后代（低危样本）中脑室和脑沟脑脊液与脑的比例差异，该差异是终生精神疾病诊断的一个函数。
我们采用队列分析研究，纳入了17名患有精神分裂症的高危个体、31名患有分裂型人格障碍的高危个体、33名患有非精神分裂症谱系精神疾病的高危个体、45名无疾病的高危个体、31名患有各类精神疾病的低危个体以及46名无疾病的低危个体。这些个体于1962年首次接受评估，当时他们的平均年龄为15岁，并在1986年至1989年期间通过精神科访谈和脑部计算机断层扫描进行了复查。
患有精神分裂症和分裂型人格障碍的高危个体表现出同等程度的皮质脑沟增宽，并且这两组个体的脑沟增宽程度均显著大于患有非精神分裂症谱系疾病和无疾病的高危个体以及患有精神疾病和无疾病的低危个体。患有精神分裂症的高危个体的脑室扩大程度显著大于患有其他疾病和无疾病的高危及低危个体，包括患有分裂型人格障碍的个体。这些差异与年龄、性别、物质依赖史、器质性脑综合征和头部损伤史无关。
在精神分裂症父母的后代中，皮质异常在精神分裂症谱系的各种综合征中均有同等程度的表现。皮质下异常（即脑室扩大）在更严重的综合征（即精神分裂症）中更为明显。
