Fifer W P, Moon C M
New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY 10032.
Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1994 Jun;397:86-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13270.x.
Newborn infants prefer the sound of the maternal voice within the first two days after birth. This early preference may be based on prenatal experience. The mother's voice is reported to be the most intense acoustical signal measured in the amniotic environment. Data showing the ability of the newborn to demonstrate voice preferences are presented. We have also investigated the response of the perinatal autonomic nervous system to speech sound stimulation. Both the newborn and fetus show heart rate decelerations in response to speech sounds. This cardiorespiratory attentional response occurs during sleep when sensory stimulation is probably influencing perinatal brain development. Early experience with voice has both acute and enduring effects on the developing brain. These effects have ramifications for the development of the auditory system, as well as for later social and emotional development. Further speculation and discussion on the form, function and assessment of newborn responsiveness to voice will be offered.
新生儿在出生后的头两天就更喜欢母亲的声音。这种早期偏好可能基于产前经历。据报道，母亲的声音是在羊膜环境中测量到的最强声学信号。文中呈现了表明新生儿具备展现声音偏好能力的数据。我们还研究了围产期自主神经系统对语音刺激的反应。新生儿和胎儿在听到语音时都会出现心率减速。这种心肺注意力反应发生在睡眠期间，此时感觉刺激可能正在影响围产期大脑发育。早期的语音体验对发育中的大脑既有急性影响，也有持久影响。这些影响对听觉系统的发育以及后期的社交和情感发展都有影响。本文将进一步对新生儿对声音反应的形式、功能及评估进行推测和讨论。
