Treiman R, Cassar M, Zukowski A
Wayne State University.
Child Dev. 1994 Oct;65(5):1318-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00819.x.
We sought to determine what types of linguistic information children represent in their spelling by examining their performance on the flaps of words such as city and lady. In 4 experiments, children often misspelled flaps as d. This d bias was common until at least second grade, with few children showing a bias toward t. We found no evidence that children have an underlying representation of city as containing /t/, for children said such words with /d/ when speaking very slowly. Even kindergartners were more accurate at spelling the flaps of words such as dirty, which have a stem ending with /t/, than the flaps of words such as city. Thus, children use meaning relations among words to aid their spelling before they have formally been taught to do so. The results show that young children are not purely phonetic spellers as they are often portrayed. The results further suggest that phonology and orthography are closely related systems that interact during development.
我们试图通过考察儿童在诸如city和lady等单词词尾双写字母的拼写表现，来确定他们在拼写中所呈现的语言信息类型。在4项实验中，儿童经常将词尾双写字母误拼成d。这种d偏向很常见，至少持续到二年级，很少有儿童表现出对t的偏向。我们没有发现证据表明儿童对city有一个包含/t/的潜在表征，因为儿童在非常缓慢地说话时会发/d/这个音。甚至幼儿园儿童在拼写像dirty这样词干以/t/结尾的单词的词尾双写字母时，比拼写像city这样单词的词尾双写字母更准确。因此，儿童在正式接受相关教导之前，就会利用单词之间的意义关系来辅助他们的拼写。结果表明，幼儿并不像人们通常所描绘的那样是纯粹的语音拼写者。结果进一步表明，语音学和正字法是在发展过程中相互作用的紧密相关的系统。
