Giles H, Williams A
University of California, Santa Barbara.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1994;39(1):33-53. doi: 10.2190/0LUC-NWMA-K5LX-NUVW.
Exploratory work indicated that Californian undergraduates were frequently, and irritatingly, patronized by older adults in a variety of ways. In a follow-up, using multidimensional scaling procedures, three distinct clusters representing young adults' own conceptions of patronizing speech emerged ("non-listening," "disapproving," and "parental"). In the main study, young adults were provided with a single vignette of a short conversation between an older and younger person. Eight versions of this vignette were devised independently varying elder's age (40- vs. 70-years) and speech style (neutral vs. non-listening vs. disapproving vs. parental). Participants were required to evaluate both vignette-targets. As expected, the patronizing elders were negatively perceived. An evaluative hierarchy differentiated between the three patronizing forms, and in ways that differed depending on the nature of the judgmental task. Content analyses of open-ended data also revealed interesting differences in interpretive responses to the various vignette conditions.
探索性工作表明，加利福尼亚州的本科生经常受到年长者以各种方式表现出的屈尊俯就态度的对待，这令人恼火。在后续研究中，使用多维尺度分析程序，出现了三个不同的类别，代表年轻人对屈尊俯就言语的自身概念（“不听”、“不赞同”和“家长式”）。在主要研究中，向年轻人提供了一个年长者与年轻人简短对话的单一小插曲。设计了这个小插曲的八个版本，独立改变年长者的年龄（40岁与70岁）和言语风格（中性、不听、不赞同、家长式）。参与者被要求对两个小插曲对象进行评价。正如预期的那样，表现出屈尊俯就态度的年长者受到了负面评价。一种评价等级区分了三种屈尊俯就的形式，并且根据判断任务的性质而有所不同。对开放式数据的内容分析也揭示了对各种小插曲条件的解释性反应中有趣的差异。
