Ryan E B, Bourhis R Y, Knops U
Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Psychol Aging. 1991 Sep;6(3):442-50. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.6.3.442.
Within a speech accommodation framework, speech modifications based on stereotyped expectations of elderly persons (such as patronizing speech) are hypothesized to convey less respect. Adult volunteers (N = 186) read scripts of a conversation between a nurse caregiver, using either patronizing speech or a more neutral variant, and a 76-year-old nursing home resident, depicted either as alert or forgetful. Respondents viewed the nurse in the patronizing condition as significantly less respectful and less nurturant and the recipient as more frustrated. The patronizing nurse was also rated as significantly less competent and benevolent than her counterpart in the neutral condition. The ecological validity of the contrasts between scripts was confirmed by inferences that patronizing speech was more shrill, louder, and produced with more exaggerated intonation.
在言语顺应框架内，基于对老年人刻板印象期望的言语调整（如屈尊俯就的言语）被假定传达的尊重较少。成年志愿者（N = 186）阅读了一段对话脚本，其中护士照顾者使用屈尊俯就的言语或更中性的变体，与一名76岁的养老院居民交谈，该居民被描绘为机敏或健忘。受访者认为处于屈尊俯就状态的护士不那么尊重人、缺乏关怀，且接受者更沮丧。与处于中性状态的护士相比，处于屈尊俯就状态的护士在能力和仁慈方面的评分也显著更低。通过推断屈尊俯就的言语更尖锐、更大声且语调更夸张，证实了脚本之间对比的生态效度。
