Hyder S M, Stancel G M, Loose-Mitchell D S
Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center, Medical School 77225.
Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 1994;4(1):55-116. doi: 10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v4.i1.30.
In this article we have attempted to review the literature on the regulation of nuclear protooncogene expression by steroid hormones and other small molecules that interact with receptors of the steroid/thyroid superfamily. Until about 5 years ago, there were relatively few reports of steroidal regulation of cellular oncogenes, but hundreds of papers on this topic have appeared since then. This demonstrates the intense interest in this area that has developed recently. It now been demonstrated that all the major classes of steroid hormones control expression of nuclear protooncogenes in one or more systems. Given the actions of these proteins as transcription factors and their central role in cellular communications systems, it seems likely that they play a key role in mediating the biological effects of steroids on processes such as proliferation and differentiation. To date, most of the work in this general area has focused primarily on the regulation of three genes: c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc. However, a quick glance at the table of nuclear protooncogenes in the introduction of this article indicates that over 40 nuclear protooncogenes are now recognized. For the large majority of these, regulatory effects of steroids and related molecules have not yet been reported. Hence, we predict that reports in this general area of research will continue to appear at a very rapid rate over the next few years. In addition, we have tried to provide enough background information for readers to get an overview of the regulation of nuclear protooncogene expression by nonsteroidal factors. We felt this information was important to emphasize that steroid hormones represent only one of the many classes of regulatory molecules that control expression of nuclear protooncogenes. Thus, an important area for future research will be to understand how these multiple regulatory systems interact to control expression of this important class of cellular oncogenes and the biological processes that they mediate.
在本文中，我们试图回顾关于类固醇激素和其他与类固醇/甲状腺超家族受体相互作用的小分子对核原癌基因表达调控的文献。直到大约5年前，关于细胞癌基因类固醇调控的报道相对较少，但从那时起，已有数百篇关于该主题的论文发表。这表明最近人们对该领域产生了浓厚的兴趣。现已证明，所有主要类别的类固醇激素在一个或多个系统中控制核原癌基因的表达。鉴于这些蛋白质作为转录因子的作用及其在细胞通讯系统中的核心作用，它们似乎在介导类固醇对增殖和分化等过程的生物学效应中发挥关键作用。迄今为止，该一般领域的大部分工作主要集中在对三个基因的调控上：c-fos、c-jun和c-myc。然而，快速浏览本文引言中的核原癌基因表可以发现，目前已识别出40多种核原癌基因。对于其中的绝大多数，类固醇和相关分子的调控作用尚未见报道。因此，我们预测在未来几年，该一般研究领域的报道将继续快速涌现。此外，我们试图为读者提供足够的背景信息，以概述非甾体因子对核原癌基因表达的调控。我们认为强调这一信息很重要，即类固醇激素只是控制核原癌基因表达的众多调控分子类别之一。因此，未来研究的一个重要领域将是了解这些多个调控系统如何相互作用，以控制这一重要类别的细胞癌基因的表达及其介导的生物学过程。
