Spivak K, Sanchez-Craig M, Davila R
Mensana Corporation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Addiction. 1994 Sep;89(9):1135-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb02790.x.
Problem drinkers (99 males, 41 females) wishing to quit or cut down without professional help received a 60-minute session during which they were assessed and given at random one of these materials: Guidelines, a two-page pamphlet outlining specific methods for achieving abstinence or moderate drinking; Manual, a 30-page booklet describing the methods in the Guidelines; or General Information, a package about alcohol effects. At 12 months follow-up, subjects in the Guidelines and Manual conditions showed significantly greater reductions of heavy days (of 5+ drinks) than subjects in General Information (70% vs. 24%); in addition, significantly fewer subjects in the Guidelines and the Manual conditions expressed need for professional assistance with their drinking (25% vs. 46% in General Information). No main effect of condition or gender was observed on rates of moderate drinkers. At 12 months follow-up, 31% of the men and 43% of the women were rated as moderate drinkers. It was concluded that drinkers intending to cut down on their own derive greater benefit (in terms of their alcohol use) from materials containing specific instructions to develop moderate drinking than from those providing general information on alcohol effects. Clinical and research implications of the findings are discussed.
希望在无专业帮助的情况下戒酒或减少饮酒量的问题饮酒者（99名男性，41名女性）接受了一次60分钟的疗程，在此期间他们接受了评估，并被随机给予以下材料之一：《指南》，一本两页的小册子，概述了实现戒酒或适度饮酒的具体方法；《手册》，一本30页的小册子，描述了《指南》中的方法；或《一般信息》，一个关于酒精影响的资料包。在12个月的随访中，接受《指南》和《手册》的受试者重度饮酒日（饮用5杯及以上）的减少幅度明显大于接受《一般信息》的受试者（分别为70%和24%）；此外，接受《指南》和《手册》的受试者中表示需要专业戒酒帮助的人数明显少于接受《一般信息》的受试者（分别为25%和46%）。未观察到条件或性别的主效应对适度饮酒者比例的影响。在12个月的随访中，31%的男性和43%的女性被评为适度饮酒者。研究得出结论，打算自行减少饮酒量的饮酒者从包含发展适度饮酒具体指导的材料中获得的益处（就饮酒情况而言）大于从提供酒精影响一般信息的材料中获得的益处。讨论了研究结果的临床和研究意义。
