Sanchez-Craig M, Leigh G, Spivak K, Lei H
Br J Addict. 1989 Apr;84(4):395-404. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00583.x.
Problem drinkers (52 males, 38 females) recruited through advertisements were randomly assigned to one of three treatments:
three sessions of advice using a pamphlet outlining basic steps for achieving abstinence or moderate drinking. Manual: three sessions of instruction in the use of a 'self-help' manual presenting a step-by-step approach for attaining abstinence or moderate drinking. Therapist: six or more sessions of instruction in the methods outlined in the 'self-help' manual. At 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up, no significant differences were found among the groups in reduction of heavy drinking days (i.e. days when consumption exceeded four drinks, each containing 13.6 g/ethanol). Overall, the number of heavy days were reduced from an average of 43 at intake, to 20 over the 1-year follow-up period. Females, however, had significantly greater reductions than males (75% versus 35%). Three months after treatment the rate of successful moderate drinkers was significantly higher for females than males in the GUIDELINES (60% versus 33%) and the Manual condition (63% versus 18%), but not in the Therapist condition (25% versus 35%). At 1-year follow-up, females were more successful than males in all conditions. Mean changes in GGT and MCV levels lended support to the change in drinking status (from heavy drinker at intake to moderate drinker at follow-up), based on clients' self-reports.
通过广告招募的问题饮酒者（52名男性，38名女性）被随机分配到三种治疗方法之一：
使用一本概述戒酒或适度饮酒基本步骤的小册子进行三次建议课程。手册：使用一本“自助”手册进行三次指导课程，该手册提供了逐步戒酒或适度饮酒的方法。治疗师：按照“自助”手册中概述的方法进行六次或更多次指导课程。在3个月、6个月和12个月的随访中，各组在重度饮酒天数（即饮酒量超过四杯，每杯含13.6克乙醇的天数）的减少方面没有发现显著差异。总体而言，重度饮酒天数从入组时的平均43天减少到1年随访期内的20天。然而，女性的减少幅度明显大于男性（75%对35%）。治疗三个月后，在指南组（60%对33%）和手册组（63%对18%）中，女性成功适度饮酒者的比例显著高于男性，但在治疗师组中并非如此（25%对35%）。在1年随访时，在所有情况下女性都比男性更成功。基于客户的自我报告，γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）和平均红细胞体积（MCV）水平的平均变化支持了饮酒状态的变化（从入组时的重度饮酒者变为随访时的适度饮酒者）。
