Peterson M A, Gibson B S
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.
Percept Psychophys. 1994 Nov;56(5):551-64. doi: 10.3758/bf03206951.
In previous research, replicated here, we found that some object recognition processes influence figure-ground organization. We have proposed that these object recognition processes operate on edges (or contours) detected early in visual processing, rather than on regions. Consistent with this proposal, influences from object recognition on figure-ground organization were previously observed in both pictures and stereograms depicting regions of different luminance, but not in random-dot stereograms, where edges arise late in processing (Peterson & Gibson, 1993). In the present experiments, we examined whether or not two other types of contours--outlines and subjective contours--enable object recognition influences on figure-ground organization. For both types of contours we observed a pattern of effects similar to that originally obtained with luminance edges. The results of these experiments are valuable for distinguishing between alternative views of the mechanisms mediating object recognition influences on figure-ground organization. In addition, in both Experiments 1 and 2, fixated regions were seen as figure longer than nonfixated regions, suggesting that fixation location must be included among the variables relevant to figure-ground organization.
在先前的研究（此处进行了重复验证）中，我们发现一些物体识别过程会影响图形-背景组织。我们提出，这些物体识别过程作用于视觉处理早期检测到的边缘（或轮廓），而非区域。与这一观点一致的是，先前在描绘不同亮度区域的图片和立体图中均观察到物体识别对图形-背景组织的影响，但在随机点立体图中未观察到，因为随机点立体图中的边缘在处理后期才出现（彼得森和吉布森，1993）。在本实验中，我们研究了另外两种类型的轮廓——轮廓线和主观轮廓——是否能使物体识别影响图形-背景组织。对于这两种类型的轮廓，我们观察到了与最初在亮度边缘获得的结果相似的效应模式。这些实验结果对于区分介导物体识别对图形-背景组织影响的机制的不同观点很有价值。此外，在实验1和实验2中，被注视的区域比未被注视的区域被视为图形的时间更长，这表明注视位置必须被纳入与图形-背景组织相关的变量之中。
