Sellman D
Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1994 Jun;28(2):205-11. doi: 10.1080/00048679409075630.
This paper traces the diagnostic concepts of alcoholism featured in the major classification systems over the past 40 years. The description of alcoholism as a diagnostic concept has undergone considerable transformation over this time, but an international consensus now exists in the DSM-IIIR [2] criteria and ICD-10 [3]. Alcoholism is equated with alcohol dependence, and both definitions draw largely on the description of the alcohol dependence syndrome by Edwards and Gross [4]. Although the presence of withdrawal symptoms and relief use (key aspects of so-called physical addiction) is part of both systems, they are not necessary to make the diagnosis in either. Future directions and clinical implications of these developments are discussed.
本文追溯了过去40年主要分类系统中所呈现的酒精中毒诊断概念。在此期间，作为一种诊断概念，对酒精中毒的描述经历了相当大的转变，但目前在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM-IIIR）标准和《国际疾病分类》第十版（ICD-10）中已达成国际共识。酒精中毒等同于酒精依赖，这两种定义在很大程度上都借鉴了爱德华兹和格罗斯对酒精依赖综合征的描述。虽然戒断症状的出现和缓解性使用（即所谓身体成瘾的关键方面）在这两个系统中都是一部分，但在任何一个系统中做出诊断时它们都不是必需的。本文还讨论了这些进展的未来方向和临床意义。
