Cherny S S, Fulker D W, Corley R P, Plomin R, DeFries J C
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0447.
Behav Genet. 1994 Jul;24(4):365-79. doi: 10.1007/BF01067538.
Objective measures of shyness in the MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study were obtained in two testing situations: the laboratory and the home. A longitudinal hierarchical model was fitted to the data, allowing estimation of the extent to which genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental influences contributed to continuity and change of the shyness phenotype from 14 to 20 months of age. The sample consisted of 163 monozygotic and 138 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs. Models were fitted to raw data using a maximum-likelihood pedigree approach. Genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental first-order factors, with specific variances, were modeled on each of four shyness ratings assessed in the laboratory and home at 14 and 20 months. Four second-order genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental factors were also modeled. Results indicated that developmental change from 14 to 20 months and situational specificity between the laboratory and the home are mediated largely by shared and unique environmental influences. Genetic variation is largely responsible for both the stability in shyness from 14 to 20 months and the phenotypic correlations observed between the laboratory and the home settings.
在麦克阿瑟纵向双生子研究中，害羞的客观测量数据是在两种测试情境下获取的：实验室和家庭。对数据拟合了一个纵向分层模型，从而能够估计遗传、共享环境和独特环境影响在14至20个月大时对害羞表型的连续性和变化所起作用的程度。样本包括163对同卵双胞胎和138对同性异卵双胞胎。使用最大似然系谱法对原始数据拟合模型。针对在14个月和20个月时在实验室和家庭中评估的四项害羞评分中的每一项，对具有特定方差的遗传、共享环境和独特环境一阶因素进行建模。还对四个二阶遗传、共享环境和独特环境因素进行了建模。结果表明，从14个月到20个月的发育变化以及实验室和家庭之间的情境特异性在很大程度上是由共享和独特环境影响介导的。遗传变异在很大程度上既导致了14至20个月时害羞的稳定性，也导致了在实验室和家庭环境之间观察到的表型相关性。
