Kagan J, Reznick J S, Snidman N
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Science. 1988 Apr 8;240(4849):167-71. doi: 10.1126/science.3353713.
The initial behavioral reaction to unfamiliar events is a distinctive source of intraspecific variation in humans and other animals. Two longitudinal studies of 2-year-old children who were extreme in the display of either behavioral restraint or spontaneity in unfamiliar contexts revealed that by 7 years of age a majority of the restrained group were quiet and socially avoidant with unfamiliar children and adults whereas a majority of the more spontaneous children were talkative and interactive. The group differences in peripheral physiological reactions suggest that inherited variation in the threshold of arousal in selected limbic sites may contribute to shyness in childhood and even extreme degrees of social avoidance in adults.
对陌生事件的初始行为反应是人类和其他动物种内变异的一个独特来源。两项针对2岁儿童的纵向研究发现，在陌生情境中表现出行为抑制或自发行为的儿童中，到7岁时，大多数行为抑制组的儿童在面对陌生儿童和成人时安静且社交回避，而大多数更自发的儿童则健谈且互动性强。外周生理反应的组间差异表明，选定边缘位点的唤醒阈值的遗传变异可能导致儿童期害羞，甚至导致成人极度社交回避。
