Blum B, Israeli J, Hart O, Farchi M
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Clin Auton Res. 1994 Jun;4(3):105-11. doi: 10.1007/BF01845773.
Stimulation of specific lateral hypothalamic targets in a cat model induces vascular and/or cardiac changes. Evidence is presented that these may consist of discretely localized sympathetically mediated changes taking place in just one or two organs. Moreover, following stimulation of either one of two adjacent lateral hypothalamus sites, pressor effects are induced that superficially look similar, but prove to be mediated by different pathways. To investigate possible synapsing at sympathetic ganglia, e.g. in superior cervical or stellate ganglia, 50 micrograms atropine methyl nitrate, a ganglionic blocker, was applied directly to the ganglia. This was shown to potentiate the pressor effects, in some cases when applied to the superior cervical ganglia, in others to stellate ganglia, presumably by blockade of a ganglionic attenuating mechanism. The contributions made by different sympathetic nerves to the lateral hypothalamus-induced pressor effect were analysed. Stimulation of one of the lateral hypothalamus sites (TAR.I) in eight cats induced a pressor effect that was abolished by severing a nerve branch, from the superior cervical ganglia laterally, shown to innervate neck muscle vasculature. In another group of nine cats stimulation of TAR.II induced a pressor effect abolished by cutting a branch from the superior cervical ganglia medially, shown to be destined to the vasculature of pharyngeal muscles and possibly lower respiratory tract. The hypothesis that central control via the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for differential organ specific regulation of blood flow to individual organs is discussed.
在猫模型中刺激下丘脑外侧特定靶点会引起血管和/或心脏变化。有证据表明，这些变化可能包括仅在一两个器官中发生的离散局部交感神经介导的变化。此外，刺激相邻的两个下丘脑外侧位点之一后，会诱导出表面上看起来相似但经证实由不同途径介导的升压效应。为了研究在交感神经节（如颈上神经节或星状神经节）可能发生的突触传递，将50微克硝酸甲基阿托品（一种神经节阻滞剂）直接应用于神经节。结果表明，在某些情况下，将其应用于颈上神经节，在另一些情况下应用于星状神经节时，它会增强升压效应，这可能是通过阻断神经节的衰减机制实现的。分析了不同交感神经对下丘脑外侧诱导的升压效应的贡献。刺激八只猫的一个下丘脑外侧位点（TAR.I）会诱导升压效应，切断颈上神经节外侧的一个神经分支后该效应消失，该神经分支被证明支配颈部肌肉血管。在另一组九只猫中，刺激TAR.II会诱导升压效应，切断颈上神经节内侧的一个分支后该效应消失，该分支被证明支配咽肌血管以及可能的下呼吸道血管。本文讨论了通过交感神经系统进行中枢控制负责对各个器官的血流进行不同器官特异性调节的假说。
