Perdriel G
Bull Acad Natl Med. 1994 Jun;178(6):1075-82; discussion 1082-6.
The French authorities have recently decided that an eye-sight examination should be required for the delivery of a driving licence and also at a later date for confirmed drivers. This appeared to be necessary, because the impairment of driver's visual capacity is sometimes the cause, either directly or indirectly, of accidents. The visual information relies on the visual acuity but also on contrast sensitivity, the spatial perception, the color vision, the depth appreciation and the visual recovery after a glare. During twilight and during normal night driving with dipped-beam headlights, the luminance of the roadway is very low and reduces the efficiency of the functions indicated above. Other factors also appear to be unfavorable such as: old age, being tired and unreasonable drinking and use of drugs. The visual information of the drivers depends on the technical equipment of the road and more precisely on the general lighting of the most dangerous spots of heavy traffic roads. In order to reduce both the frequency and gravity of accidents, standards covering the minimal efficiency of each eye function are required, such as the choice of the specifications covering the eye examinations.
法国当局最近决定，发放驾照时应进行视力检查，对于已获确认的驾驶员日后也需进行检查。这似乎很有必要，因为驾驶员视觉能力受损有时直接或间接导致事故。视觉信息不仅依赖于视力，还取决于对比敏感度、空间感知、色觉、深度感知以及眩光后的视觉恢复能力。在黄昏时分以及使用近光灯正常夜间驾驶时，道路的亮度非常低，会降低上述功能的效率。其他因素似乎也不利，比如：年老、疲劳以及不合理的饮酒和药物使用。驾驶员的视觉信息取决于道路的技术设备，更确切地说，取决于交通繁忙道路最危险地段的总体照明。为了降低事故的频率和严重程度，需要制定涵盖每项眼睛功能最低效率的标准，比如选择用于眼部检查的规范。
