Bjørndal A
Seksjon for helsetjenesteforskning, Avdeling for samfunnsmedisin, Statens Institutt for Folkehelse, Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1994 Oct 10;114(24):2857-62.
Follow-up of people on long-term sickness leave has been a priority for central and local authorities for a number of years. In this study we have followed a cohort of such people from the city of Moss. We wanted to find out how many returned to work, and who these were. The cohort consisted of 1,975 persons. Median age was 45 years (25-75 percentile: 35-54 years). 55% were women. Median follow-up time was two years and four months. Incidence of long-term sickness leave (more than eight weeks off sick) was 4.2 per month per 1,000 persons between 16 and 66 years of age. Less than half (47%) of those who had been off sick for more than eight weeks were working at follow-up. Few people were recruited to active rehabilitation programmes; for instance new education and on-the-job training. Age, especially from 45 years and upwards, many earlier sickness leaves and diagnosis (persons with psychiatric and other diagnoses did worst) influenced the result towards inactivity. When tested by multivariate analysis these variables explained little of the total variation in re-entry to the job market. A separate study of a random sample who were offered more time and indepth counselling showed no effect on job status at follow-up. Most probably, the success or lack of success are dominated by two factors which we could not measure directly; the seriousness of the medical condition and the climate on the labour market.
多年来，对长期病假人员的跟踪随访一直是中央和地方当局的工作重点。在本研究中，我们对来自莫斯市的一群长期病假人员进行了跟踪。我们想了解有多少人重返工作岗位，以及这些人都是谁。该队列由1975人组成。年龄中位数为45岁（25-75百分位数：35-54岁）。55%为女性。随访时间中位数为两年零四个月。16至66岁人群中长期病假（病假超过八周）的发生率为每月每1000人4.2例。病假超过八周的人中，不到一半（47%）在随访时仍在工作。很少有人参加积极的康复计划；例如新的教育和在职培训。年龄，尤其是45岁及以上的年龄、多次病假经历和诊断结果（患有精神疾病和其他疾病的人情况最差）对结果产生了不利于恢复工作的影响。在多变量分析中测试时，这些变量对重返就业市场的总差异解释甚少。一项对随机抽样人群进行的单独研究，这些人获得了更多时间和深入咨询，但结果显示对随访时的工作状态没有影响。很可能成功与否主要由两个我们无法直接衡量的因素决定；病情的严重程度和劳动力市场的氛围。
