Kushwaha K P, Verma R B, Singh Y D, Rathi A K
Department of Pediatrics, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur.
Indian J Pediatr. 1994 Jul-Aug;61(4):357-65. doi: 10.1007/BF02751889.
A hospital based prospective study on drug induced diseases (DID) in children below 14 years of age was done for a duration of two years. A total number of 20,310 patients were examined in pediatric department during this period, out of which 204 (1.004%) patients were diagnosed as DID. Children with severe reactions were admitted in pediatric ward for in hospital intensive surveillance. The male:female ratio in DID was 1.2:1. DID were most common in neonates (24.51%). Erythmatous maculopapular rashes (67.12%) formed the most common pool of DID in neonates. Thrombophlebitis (41.56%) was most commonly seen in infants above 28 days of life, and in children up to 14 years of age. Out of 204 cases of DID, 9 (4.41%) died. Aplastic anemia was most morbid DID, as all the 7 patients of aplastic anemia died. Chloramphenicol was responsible for all the cases of aplastic anemia. Other two deaths were from erythma multiforme and C.C.F. The most commonly involved drugs, other substances and vaccines were baby powders, massage oils, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, i.v. infusions (electrolytes and mannitol), DPT and measles vaccines.
针对14岁以下儿童药物性疾病（DID）开展了一项为期两年的基于医院的前瞻性研究。在此期间，儿科共检查了20310名患者，其中204名（1.004%）患者被诊断为DID。有严重反应的儿童被收治到儿科病房进行住院强化监测。DID患者的男女比例为1.2:1。DID在新生儿中最为常见（24.51%）。红斑丘疹性皮疹（67.12%）是新生儿中最常见的DID类型。血栓性静脉炎（41.56%）在出生28天以上的婴儿及14岁以下儿童中最为常见。在204例DID病例中，9例（4.41%）死亡。再生障碍性贫血是最致命的DID，因为所有7例再生障碍性贫血患者均死亡。所有再生障碍性贫血病例均由氯霉素引起。另外两例死亡分别由多形红斑和充血性心力衰竭导致。最常涉及的药物、其他物质和疫苗有婴儿爽身粉、按摩油、氨苄西林、复方新诺明、静脉输液（电解质和甘露醇）、百白破疫苗和麻疹疫苗。
