Moen B E, Riise T, Helseth A
Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland Hospital, Norway.
Int J Epidemiol. 1994 Aug;23(4):737-41. doi: 10.1093/ije/23.4.737.
Several studies demonstrate a high mortality among seamen but this has not been related to different types of work on board. This study examined a possible relationship between work on tankers and mortality. Tankers differ from other ships by carrying different types of oil, oil products and other chemicals.
Mortality was studied in 1687 men who were captains and mates during the period 1970-1987, and were registered by a Norwegian census in 1970. The data were linked to the Norwegian Register of Death Certificates. In all 181 deaths were found. Each case was age-matched at time of death to three individuals from the rest of the population alive at this date. Information about the seamen's work on different ships was obtained for cases and controls. The data were analysed using multivariate conditional logistic regression.
Seamen working on tankers had a higher mortality rate ratio (RR = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65-3.60) than seamen who had not been working on tankers. The increased risk was especially related to death from cancer and from accidents, while no significantly increased mortality due to cardiovascular diseases was found. Employment as a mate on tankers showed the highest all-causes risk of death (RR = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.04-4.82) as well as for cancer (RR = 4.24, 95% CI: 2.02-8.88) and accidents (RR = 5.85, 95% CI: 1.66-20.60). Employment as a captain on tankers showed no significantly increased mortality.
Exposure to chemicals on tankers may be related to the increased mortality, as this is the major difference between tankers and other ships and mates are exposed to chemical agents, while captains are not.
多项研究表明海员的死亡率很高，但这与船上不同类型的工作并无关联。本研究调查了油轮工作与死亡率之间的可能关系。油轮与其他船舶不同，它运载不同类型的石油、石油产品和其他化学品。
对1687名在1970年至1987年期间担任船长和大副且于1970年在挪威人口普查中登记的男性进行了死亡率研究。数据与挪威死亡证明登记册相关联。共发现181例死亡。每个病例在死亡时按年龄与当时仍在世的其他三名人群个体进行匹配。获取了病例组和对照组海员在不同船舶上工作的信息。使用多变量条件逻辑回归对数据进行分析。
在油轮上工作的海员的死亡率比值（RR = 2.43，95%置信区间[CI]：1.65 - 3.60）高于未在油轮上工作的海员。风险增加尤其与癌症死亡和事故死亡相关，而未发现心血管疾病导致的死亡率显著增加。在油轮上担任大副的全因死亡风险最高（RR = 3.14，95% CI：2.04 - 4.82），癌症死亡风险（RR = 4.24，95% CI：2.02 - 8.88）和事故死亡风险（RR = 5.85，95% CI：1.66 - 20.60）也最高。在油轮上担任船长的死亡率未显著增加。
油轮上接触化学品可能与死亡率增加有关，因为这是油轮与其他船舶的主要区别，且大副接触化学制剂，而船长不接触。
