Procházková J
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, Military Medical Academy J. Ev. Purkynĕ, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 1993 Dec;1(2):101-5.
An attempt to replace the "in vivo" testing by "in vitro" exposure of cells to drugs is discussed from the point of view of the limitations of these artificial test conditions. The critical reminders are evaluated, the most important ones being the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and metabolism of drugs in the body what may be a cause of the discrepancy between "in vivo" and "in vitro" exposure assays. Various sensitivity of different cell types and of different phases of the generation cycle represent the crucial importance in the immune response and in the drug-cell interactions. The "in vitro" assays are technically sophisticated and mostly based on the tissue-culture techniques. However, both in immunology and immunotoxicology standardization, validation and usage of rules of Good Laboratory Practice are required. Finally, possibilities and contribution of "in vitro" assays to immunotoxicology are listed. It is apparent that for establishment of common rules these studies require intensive international and interlaboratory cooperation and coordination.
从这些人工测试条件的局限性角度，讨论了尝试用细胞“体外”接触药物来取代“体内”测试的情况。对关键提示进行了评估，其中最重要的是药物在体内的药代动力学、药效学和代谢，这可能是“体内”和“体外”接触试验之间存在差异的原因。不同细胞类型以及细胞周期不同阶段的各种敏感性在免疫反应和药物 - 细胞相互作用中具有至关重要的意义。“体外”试验技术复杂，大多基于组织培养技术。然而，在免疫学和免疫毒理学中，都需要良好实验室规范的标准化、验证和规则应用。最后，列出了“体外”试验对免疫毒理学的可能性和贡献。显然，为了建立通用规则，这些研究需要深入的国际和实验室间合作与协调。
