Staron R S, Karapondo D L, Kraemer W J, Fry A C, Gordon S E, Falkel J E, Hagerman F C, Hikida R S
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens 45701.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1994 Mar;76(3):1247-55. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1994.76.3.1247.
An 8-wk progressive resistance training program for the lower extremity was performed twice a week to investigate the time course for skeletal muscle adaptations in men and women. Maximal dynamic strength was tested biweekly. Muscle biopsies were extracted at the beginning and every 2 wk of the study from resistance-trained and from nontrained (control) subjects. The muscle samples were analyzed for fiber type composition, cross-sectional area, and myosin heavy chain content. In addition, fasting blood samples were measured for resting serum levels of testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone. With the exception of the leg press for women (after 2 wk of training) and leg extension for men (after 6 wk of training), absolute and relative maximal dynamic strength was significantly increased after 4 wk of training for all three exercises (squat, leg press, and leg extension) in both sexes. Resistance training also caused a significant decrease in the percentage of type IIb fibers after 2 wk in women and 4 wk in men, an increase in the resting levels of serum testosterone after 4 wk in men, and a decrease in cortisol after 6 wk in men. No significant changes occurred over time for any of the other measured parameters for either sex. These data suggest that skeletal muscle adaptations that may contribute to strength gains of the lower extremity are similar for men and women during the early phase of resistance training and, with the exception of changes in the fast fiber type composition, that they occur gradually.
为研究男女骨骼肌适应性的时间进程，进行了一项为期8周的下肢渐进性阻力训练计划，每周进行两次。每两周测试一次最大动态力量。在研究开始时以及研究过程中每2周，从接受阻力训练的受试者和未训练（对照）的受试者身上提取肌肉活检样本。对肌肉样本进行纤维类型组成、横截面积和肌球蛋白重链含量分析。此外，检测空腹血样中睾酮、皮质醇和生长激素的静息血清水平。除了女性的腿举（训练2周后）和男性的腿伸展（训练6周后），男女在进行4周训练后，所有三项运动（深蹲、腿举和腿伸展）的绝对和相对最大动态力量均显著增加。阻力训练还导致女性在2周后、男性在4周后IIb型纤维百分比显著下降，男性在4周后血清睾酮静息水平升高，男性在6周后皮质醇水平下降。男女其他任何测量参数均未随时间发生显著变化。这些数据表明，在阻力训练的早期阶段，男女下肢力量增加可能所涉及的骨骼肌适应性相似，且除了快纤维类型组成的变化外，这些适应性变化是逐渐发生的。
