Okello-Onen J, Heinonen R, Ssekitto C M, Mwayi W T, Kakaire D, Kabarema M
Animal Health Research Centre, Entebbe, Uganda.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 1994 Feb;26(1):21-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02241128.
The effect of treating cattle with deltamethrin to control tsetse flies and ticks was investigated on 2 ranches 8 km apart in central Uganda where there is a high risk of trypanosomosis. This area had a moderate challenge of Glossina pallidipes. The cattle had very low challenge of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus decolaratus and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, due to regular treatment with dioxathion. On one ranch a dip was charged with deltamethrin to treat cattle regularly for 3 months. The other ranch was used as a control for the tsetse population, but the animals continued to be treated regularly with dioxathion using hand sprays. On the ranch using deltamethrin treatment a reduction of 96.9% in the tsetse population was recorded after 2 treatments at 2 week intervals. Total (100%) control of tsetse was achieved from the fourth treatment up to the end of the trial period. The ranch with dioxathion treatment experienced an overall tsetse reduction of 19.15% during the thirteenth to fifteenth weeks and the factors contributing to this are discussed. However, the mean apparent tsetse density of 4.83 flies/trap/day recorded at the control ranch was significantly different from the mean of 0.81 flies/trap/day (P < 0.001) at the ranch using deltamethrin treatment. It was difficult to assess the effect of this product on ticks because of lack of controls. However, there are indications that deltamethrin can also reduce tick populations and the incidence of tick-borne diseases. The possible limitations and practical implications associated with large scale use of this product in the country are discussed.
在乌干达中部两个相距8公里的牧场，对用溴氰菊酯治疗牛以控制采采蝇和蜱的效果进行了调查，该地区锥虫病风险很高。该地区面临中等程度的淡足舌蝇挑战。由于定期使用敌恶磷进行治疗，牛受到的微小扇头蜱、变异革蜱、德氏牛蜱和安氏扇头蜱的挑战非常低。在一个牧场，浸液池中加入溴氰菊酯，对牛进行为期3个月的定期治疗。另一个牧场用作采采蝇种群的对照，但动物继续使用手动喷雾器定期用敌恶磷治疗。在使用溴氰菊酯治疗的牧场，每隔2周进行2次治疗后，采采蝇种群减少了96.9%。从第四次治疗到试验期结束，实现了对采采蝇的完全（100%）控制。使用敌恶磷治疗的牧场在第13至15周期间采采蝇总体减少了19.15%，并讨论了造成这种情况的因素。然而，对照牧场记录的平均明显采采蝇密度为4.83只/诱捕器/天，与使用溴氰菊酯治疗的牧场平均0.81只/诱捕器/天显著不同（P < 0.001）。由于缺乏对照，很难评估该产品对蜱的效果。然而，有迹象表明溴氰菊酯也可以减少蜱的数量和蜱传疾病的发病率。讨论了在该国大规模使用该产品可能存在的局限性和实际影响。
