Meyer Anne, Holt Hannah R, Selby Richard, Guitian Javier
Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Dec 27;10(12):e0005247. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005247. eCollection 2016 Dec.
Control operations targeting Animal African Trypanosomiasis and its primary vector, the tsetse, were covering approximately 128,000 km2 of Africa in 2001, which is a mere 1.3% of the tsetse infested area. Although extensive trypanosomiasis and tsetse (T&T) control operations have been running since the beginning of the 20th century, Animal African Trypanosomiasis is still a major constraint of livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed a systematic review of the existing literature describing T&T control programmes conducted in a selection of five African countries, namely Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Uganda and Zambia, between 1980 and 2015. Sixty-eight documents were eventually selected from those identified by the database search. This was supplemented with information gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted with twelve key informants recruited in the study countries and selected based on their experience and knowledge of T&T control. The combined information from these two sources was used to describe the inputs, processes and outcomes from 23 major T&T control programmes implemented in the study countries. Although there were some data gaps, involvement of the target communities and sustainability of the control activities were identified as the two main issues faced by these programmes. Further, there was a lack of evaluation of these control programmes, as well as a lack of a standardised methodology to conduct such evaluations.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Past experiences demonstrated that coordinated and sustained control activities require careful planning, and evidence of successes, failures and setbacks from past control programmes represent a mine of information. As there is a lack of evaluation of these programmes, these data have not been fully exploited for the design, analyses and justification of future control programmes.
2001年，针对动物非洲锥虫病及其主要传播媒介采采蝇的防治行动覆盖了非洲约12.8万平方公里的区域，这仅占采采蝇滋生区域的1.3%。尽管自20世纪初以来一直在开展广泛的锥虫病和采采蝇（T&T）防治行动，但动物非洲锥虫病仍是撒哈拉以南非洲畜牧业生产的主要制约因素。
方法/主要发现：我们对1980年至2015年间在布基纳法索、喀麦隆、埃塞俄比亚、乌干达和赞比亚这五个非洲国家开展的T&T防治项目的现有文献进行了系统综述。最终从数据库搜索识别出的文献中选取了68份文件。此外，还通过与在研究国家招募的12名关键信息提供者进行半结构化访谈收集了信息，这些信息提供者是根据他们对T&T防治的经验和知识挑选出来的。这两个来源的综合信息用于描述在研究国家实施的23个主要T&T防治项目的投入、过程和结果。尽管存在一些数据缺口，但目标社区的参与和防治活动的可持续性被确定为这些项目面临的两个主要问题。此外，这些防治项目缺乏评估，也缺乏进行此类评估的标准化方法。
结论/意义：过去的经验表明，协调一致和持续的防治活动需要精心规划，过去防治项目的成功、失败和挫折的证据是一座信息宝库。由于这些项目缺乏评估，这些数据尚未充分用于未来防治项目的设计、分析和论证。
