Isolation and identification of germ cells from fetal bovine ovaries.

Gonadal cell suspensions were made from bovine fetuses of 35-55-, 56-80-, and 80-130-day age groups corresponding to the periods predominated by primordial germ cells (PGCs), oogonia, and meiotic cells, respectively. Germ cells identified on morphological criteria prior to their isolation from suspensions were compared histochemically and morphologically with cells in cryosections, impression smears, and semithin sections of similar gonads. Oocytes were distinguished by their chromosomal configurations in cell spreads. In suspensions from 35-55-day fetuses, cells considered to be PGCs stood out by their size, large nucleus, intracytoplasmic vesicles, and occasional blebbing. The somatic cells were smaller and contained little cytoplasm and few vesicles. In bovine gonads, in contrast to murine gonads, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was not specific enough to identify germ cells once they had entered the gonad. In ovaries from the 56-80-day age group, cells similar to PGCs, but slightly larger and with more cytoplasmic vesicles, were identified as oogonia. The cytoplasmic vesicles stained positively for lipid. In ovaries of 80-130-day fetuses, oogonia, oocytes, degenerating germ cells, and multinucleate germ cells were recognized. Degenerating germ cells exhibited a variety of morphological characteristics and were consistently positive for acid-phosphatase activity. Binucleate germ cells appeared around day 85 of gestation, while multinucleate germ cells were seen from day 95. It was concluded that bovine mitotic germ cells can be isolated from gonadal cell suspensions and that the best time to recover them is between 50 and 70 days of gestation.