Ronchetti R, Bonci E, de Castro G, Signoretti F, Macrì F, Ciofetta G C, Villa M P, Indinnimeo L, Martinez F D
IV Cattedra di Clinica Pediatrica, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
Eur Respir J. 1994 Mar;7(3):472-6. doi: 10.1183/09031936.94.07030472.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of salivary cotinine levels with individual and household smoking habits and with the season in a sample (n = 146) of Italian schoolchildren aged 9-14 yrs. Active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke were measured by means of a confidential standardized interview with each participating child and by a self-reported questionnaire administered to the parents. Saliva samples were obtained twice: during winter from all children and during spring from a randomly selected subgroup. "Active smokers" were significantly more likely to be males and to live with smoking family members. Frequency of detectable cotinine both in "nonsmokers" and "active smokers" was significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked by household members. However, for any level of smoking by parents detectable cotinine was more likely to be found in "active smokers" than in "nonsmokers". In "nonsmokers", the proportion of subjects with detectable cotinine decreased significantly in spring compared to winter, a finding not observed in "active smokers". In conclusion, we have demonstrated that passive smoking produces most effect in winter, and is linked to the amount and style of the parents' smoking, mainly related to smoking in presence of children. Conversely, salivary cotinine detected in spring appears to be derived mainly from active smoking.
本研究旨在确定在一个由146名9至14岁意大利学童组成的样本中，唾液可替宁水平与个人及家庭吸烟习惯以及季节之间的关系。通过对每位参与研究的儿童进行保密的标准化访谈以及向家长发放自我报告问卷来测量主动吸烟和环境烟草烟雾暴露情况。唾液样本采集了两次：一次是在冬季对所有儿童进行采集，另一次是在春季对随机抽取的一个亚组进行采集。“主动吸烟者”更有可能是男性，且与吸烟的家庭成员生活在一起。“非吸烟者”和“主动吸烟者”中可检测到可替宁的频率均与家庭成员吸烟的数量显著相关。然而，对于父母任何程度的吸烟情况，在“主动吸烟者”中比在“非吸烟者”中更有可能检测到可替宁。在“非吸烟者”中，与冬季相比，春季可检测到可替宁的受试者比例显著下降，而在“主动吸烟者”中未观察到这一现象。总之，我们已经证明，被动吸烟在冬季产生的影响最大，并且与父母的吸烟量和方式有关，主要是与在孩子面前吸烟有关。相反，春季检测到的唾液可替宁似乎主要来自主动吸烟。
