Bellodi G, Bernini G, Manicardi V, Veneri L, Muratori L, Magnanini G, Rossi G, Bossini P, Descovich G
Divisione di Medicina II, Ospedale di Guastalla Reggio Emilia.
Minerva Cardioangiol. 1994 Mar;42(3):73-84.
The objectives of this research were to determine the prevalence of essential and borderline hypertension in a population of blood donors and their families and to determine if there is a correlation between blood pressure and lifestyle and/or other cardiovascular risk factors. The study was comprised of 1976 individuals, of whom 1290 were men and 686 were women, aged 18-65 years. The prevalence of essential hypertension was 15.1% for males and 12.5% for females: the prevalence of borderline hypertension was 22.3% for males and 15.7% for females. The population was divided into two groups: the first group included only subjects (1170 men, 543 women) who did not regularly use drugs that could modify the blood pressure and the heart rate, the second group included the entire population. In the first group, the multiple regression analysis indicated, in order of importance: age, BMI (body mass index), and heart rate. These variables were important in determining the systolic blood pressure in both sexes, uricemia for males and glycemia for females. The diastolic blood pressure was dependent on BMI, heart rate, and alcohol in both sexes, and glycemia, LDL cholesterol, and uricemia in the men. In the second group, primary and borderline hypertension are significantly correlated with age, BMI, and uricemia in both sexes and glycemia in females. A program of health and nutritional education could modify some factors related to blood pressure, such as obesity and alcohol consumption. The result would be a reduction of the prevalence not only of essential and borderline hypertension, but also of metabolic diseases such as dyslipidaemias, diabetes and hyperuricemia, with a global reduction of the cardiovascular risk.
本研究的目的是确定献血者及其家属中原发性高血压和临界高血压的患病率，并确定血压与生活方式和/或其他心血管危险因素之间是否存在相关性。该研究包括1976名个体，其中男性1290名，女性686名，年龄在18至65岁之间。男性原发性高血压患病率为15.1%，女性为12.5%；男性临界高血压患病率为22.3%，女性为15.7%。研究对象被分为两组：第一组仅包括未经常使用可改变血压和心率药物的受试者（1170名男性，543名女性），第二组包括全体研究对象。在第一组中，多元回归分析按重要性顺序表明：年龄、体重指数（BMI）和心率。这些变量在决定两性的收缩压方面很重要，对男性来说是尿酸血症，对女性来说是血糖。舒张压在两性中均取决于BMI、心率和酒精摄入，在男性中还取决于血糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和尿酸血症。在第二组中，原发性高血压和临界高血压在两性中均与年龄、BMI和尿酸血症显著相关，在女性中还与血糖显著相关。健康和营养教育计划可以改变一些与血压相关的因素，如肥胖和酒精消费。其结果不仅会降低原发性高血压和临界高血压的患病率，还会降低代谢性疾病如血脂异常、糖尿病和高尿酸血症的患病率，从而全面降低心血管风险。
