Graubard B I, Korn E L
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Stat Med. 1994;13(5-7):509-22. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780130514.
Clustered data are found in many different types of studies, for example, studies involving repeated measures, inter-rater agreement studies, household surveys, crossover designs and community randomized trials. Analyses based on population average and cluster specific models are commonly used for estimating treatment (exposure) effects with clustered data. This paper discusses conditions when one or both types of models are appropriate for estimating causal effects and when there is agreement between population average and cluster specific analyses. Applications of survey sampling methods to the robust estimation of standard errors of estimated treatment parameters are discussed.
聚类数据存在于许多不同类型的研究中，例如，涉及重复测量的研究、评分者间一致性研究、家庭调查、交叉设计和社区随机试验。基于总体均值和聚类特定模型的分析通常用于估计聚类数据的治疗（暴露）效应。本文讨论了何时一种或两种类型的模型适用于估计因果效应，以及总体均值分析和聚类特定分析何时一致。还讨论了调查抽样方法在稳健估计治疗参数估计标准误差中的应用。
