Malone J B, Huh O K, Fehler D P, Wilson P A, Wilensky D E, Holmes R A, Elmagdoub A I
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Jun;50(6):714-22. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1994.50.714.
Polar orbiting environmental satellites operated by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration acquire daytime and nighttime thermal infrared measurements of the earth's surface around the world at a spatial resolution of 1.1 km. Day-night pairs of this imagery from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) were processed to produce temperature maximum, temperature minimum, and diurnal temperature difference (dT) maps of the lower Nile River valley. Nile delta subsets of the dT maps for August 16, 1990 and February 14, 1991 were analyzed in detail. Values of dT at specific locations were derived using the median of 5 x 5 pixels centered on the latitude and longitude of 41 survey sites listed in 1935, 1983, and 1990 schistosomiasis surveys of the Nile Delta. A Spearman correlation coefficient matrix revealed an inverse relationship between site dT values for August 16, 1990 and February 14, 1991 and prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in the 1935 and 1983 surveys. For S. haematobium, a positive association of site dT values and prevalence was seen for 1935 only. A significant association was observed between 1935 S. mansoni prevalence and that observed in 1983 and 1990; S. haematobium prevalence in 1935 was not correlated with the later surveys. The results suggest that AVHRR thermal difference maps reflect regional hydrologic conditions that can be used as a predictor of environmental risk of schistosomiasis for control program management.
美国国家海洋和大气管理局运营的极轨环境卫星，以1.1千米的空间分辨率获取全球地表的白天和夜间热红外测量数据。对先进甚高分辨率辐射计（AVHRR）的日夜图像对进行处理，以生成尼罗河下游流域的温度最高值、温度最低值和昼夜温差（dT）地图。对1990年8月16日和1991年2月14日dT地图的尼罗河三角洲子集进行了详细分析。特定位置的dT值是通过以1935年、1983年和1990年尼罗河三角洲血吸虫病调查列出的41个调查地点的经纬度为中心的5×5像素的中位数得出的。斯皮尔曼相关系数矩阵显示，1990年8月16日和1991年2月14日的地点dT值与1935年和1983年调查中曼氏血吸虫的流行率呈负相关。对于埃及血吸虫，仅在1935年观察到地点dT值与流行率呈正相关。观察到1935年曼氏血吸虫流行率与1983年和1990年观察到的流行率之间存在显著关联；1935年埃及血吸虫的流行率与后来的调查无关。结果表明，AVHRR热差异地图反映了区域水文条件，可作为控制项目管理中血吸虫病环境风险的预测指标。
