Magnetic-resonance velocity mapping of the central circulation.

In magnetic-resonance (MR) velocity mapping there exists a linear relationship between the velocity and signal in each element of a tomographic image. The technique can be used for quantitative measurements of linear velocities (m s-1) and flow rates (1 min-1). By using cinematographic images the flow profile during the cardiac cycle can be determined. This allows quantification of forward flow, regurgitant volume and regurgitant fraction in cases of heart-valve insufficiency. In valvular stenosis the transvalvular pressure gradient and valve area can be determined. Magnetic-resonance velocity mapping may also provide information about diastolic function of left ventricular function. Together with other MR imaging techniques, velocity mapping gives an accurate assessment of the severity of aortic dissection. Recent studies indicate that MR velocity mapping provides quantification of renal blood flow, and that MR imaging may be used even for coronary angiography and measurements of coronary blood flow. Therefore MR velocity mapping has the potential to become an important clinical tool for examination of the cardiovascular system providing high accuracy and quantitative measurements.