Rebergen S A, van der Wall E E, Doornbos J, de Roos A
Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, Utrecht.
Am Heart J. 1993 Dec;126(6):1439-56. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(93)90544-j.
With a newly developed magnetic resonance (MR) technique for blood flow measurements, qualitative and quantitative information on both flow volume and flow velocity in the great vessels can be obtained. MR flow quantitation is performed with a gradient-echo MR sequence with high temporal resolution enabling measurements at frequent intervals throughout the cardiac cycle. MR flow quantitation uses the phase rather than the amplitude of the MR signal to reconstruct the images. These images, often referred to as MR velocity maps or velocity-encoded cine MR images, are two-dimensional displays of flow velocity. From these velocity maps, velocity and volume flow data can be obtained. Previous validation experiments have demonstrated the accuracy of MR velocity mapping, and this technique is now being applied successfully in several clinical fields. MR velocity mapping may be of considerable value when Doppler echocardiography results are unsatisfactory or equivocal, particularly because MR is suited for the analysis of volumetric flow and complex flow patterns. Among the vastly growing number of clinical cardiovascular applications that have been reported are the great arteries and veins, coronary vessels, valvular disease, and the abdominal and peripheral vessels. These items are reviewed, and some aspects of the technique that need improvement are discussed.
利用一种新开发的用于测量血流的磁共振（MR）技术，可以获取大血管中血流量和血流速度的定性和定量信息。MR血流定量通过具有高时间分辨率的梯度回波MR序列进行，能够在整个心动周期内频繁进行测量。MR血流定量利用MR信号的相位而非幅度来重建图像。这些图像通常被称为MR速度图或速度编码电影MR图像，是血流速度的二维显示。从这些速度图中，可以获得速度和容积流量数据。先前的验证实验已经证明了MR速度映射的准确性，并且该技术现在已在多个临床领域成功应用。当多普勒超声心动图结果不令人满意或不明确时，MR速度映射可能具有相当大的价值，特别是因为MR适用于分析容积流量和复杂的血流模式。在已报道的大量不断增长的临床心血管应用中，包括大动脉和静脉、冠状血管、瓣膜疾病以及腹部和外周血管。对这些内容进行了综述，并讨论了该技术需要改进的一些方面。
