Phelps M T, Roberts W A
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
J Comp Psychol. 1994 Jun;108(2):114-25. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.108.2.114.
Humans (Homo sapiens) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were tested for memory of upright and inverted primate faces. Working memory was tested in Experiment 1 with a delayed matching-to-sample procedure, and reference memory was examined in Experiment 2 by requiring subjects to learn to discriminate between successive pairs of upright or inverted pictures. Both human and monkey subjects showed better working memory for upright than for inverted human faces and better reference memory for upright than for inverted human and great ape faces. In Experiment 3, reference memory tests with pigeons (Columba livia) showed no effects of inversion on rate of learning with face pictures. We argue that these findings cannot be explained easily by an individual primate's lifetime experiences with primate faces. We suggest that similar evolved mechanisms for primate face recognition in people and monkeys are responsible for the pattern of data reported.
对人类（智人）和松鼠猴（松鼠猴属）进行了直立和倒置灵长类动物面部记忆测试。实验1采用延迟样本匹配程序测试工作记忆，实验2通过要求受试者学习区分连续的直立或倒置图片对来检验参考记忆。人类和猴子受试者对直立人类面孔的工作记忆都比对倒置人类面孔的更好，对直立人类和大猩猩面孔的参考记忆比对倒置的更好。在实验3中，对鸽子（家鸽）的参考记忆测试表明，倒置对面部图片学习速度没有影响。我们认为，这些发现无法轻易用个体灵长类动物与灵长类动物面孔的终生经历来解释。我们建议，人类和猴子中类似的灵长类动物面部识别进化机制是所报告数据模式的原因。
