Nuzhdin S V, Mackay T F
Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7614.
Genet Res. 1994 Apr;63(2):139-44. doi: 10.1017/s0016672300032249.
Rates of transposition and excision of the Drosophila melanogaster retrotransposon elements mdg3, 297, Doc, roo and copia were estimated directly, by in situ hybridization analysis of their cytological insertion sites in 31 replicates of a highly inbred line that had accumulated spontaneous mutations for approximately 160 generations. Estimated transposition rates of Doc, roo and copia were, respectively, 4.2 x 10(-5), 3.1 x 10(-4) and 1.3 x 10(-3); no transpositions of 297 nor mdg3 were observed. Rates of transposition of copia varied significantly among sublines. Excisions were only observed for roo elements, at a rate of 9.0 x 10(-6) per element per generation. Copy number averaged over these element families increased 5.9%; therefore, in these lines the magnitude of the forces opposing transposable element multiplication were weaker than transposition rates. Estimated total genomic mutation rates from transposition are of the same order as the nucleotide mutation rate in this species.
通过对一个高度近交系的31个重复样本进行细胞学插入位点的原位杂交分析，直接估算了黑腹果蝇反转录转座子元件mdg3、297、Doc、roo和copia的转座和切除率。该近交系已经积累了大约160代的自发突变。Doc、roo和copia的估算转座率分别为4.2×10^(-5)、3.1×10^(-4)和1.3×10^(-3)；未观察到297和mdg3的转座情况发生。copia的转座率在不同亚系间存在显著差异。仅观察到roo元件的切除情况，切除率为每个元件每代9.0×10^(-6)。这些元件家族的平均拷贝数增加了5.9%；因此，在这些品系中，对抗转座元件增殖的力量强度弱于转座率。估算得到的转座引起的全基因组突变率与该物种的核苷酸突变率处于同一数量级。
