体型的双胞胎相似性以及与其他双胞胎研究的比较。

Song T M, Perusse L, Malina R M, Bouchard C

Human Performance Laboratory, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.

Hum Biol. 1994 Jun;66(3):453-64.

Twin resemblance in somatotype components was considered in 28 male and 34 female monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and 19 male and 21 female dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, 9.3-23.5 years of age. The Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype method was used. Mean somatotypes of male twins and female twins did not differ, whereas male twins were significantly more mesomorphic than female twins. Twin resemblance was evaluated in two ways: first, treating each somatotype component independently of the other two (as in earlier twin studies), and, second, looking at resemblance in each somatotype component after statistically controlling for the other two components (thus treating the somatotype as a composite). Intraclass correlations were consistently higher in MZ than in DZ twins of both sexes, and within-pair variances were consistently lower in MZ than in DZ twins of both sexes. However, after controlling for the effects of the other two somatotype components, within-pair variances of male MZ and DZ twins for each somatotype component did not differ. In general, Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype components show (1) significant resemblance in MZ and DZ twins within each sex, although the degree of resemblance is altered in male twins when a different analytic strategy is used, (2) no sex difference in degree of resemblance, and (3) greater resemblance within MZ twin pairs than within DZ twin pairs. These results are compatible with the presence of genetic variation affecting physique in adolescents and young adults.

对28对男性和34对女性同卵（MZ）双胞胎以及19对男性和21对女性异卵（DZ）双胞胎进行了体型组成方面的双胞胎相似性研究，这些双胞胎年龄在9.3至23.5岁之间。采用了希思-卡特人体测量体型法。男性双胞胎和女性双胞胎的平均体型没有差异，然而男性双胞胎比女性双胞胎更具中胚层体型特征。通过两种方式评估双胞胎的相似性：第一，将每个体型组成部分独立于其他两个部分进行分析（如同早期的双胞胎研究）；第二，在对其他两个组成部分进行统计控制后，观察每个体型组成部分的相似性（从而将体型视为一个综合指标）。无论是男性还是女性，同卵双胞胎的组内相关性始终高于异卵双胞胎，并且同卵双胞胎的配对内方差始终低于异卵双胞胎。然而，在控制了其他两个体型组成部分的影响后，男性同卵和异卵双胞胎在每个体型组成部分上的配对内方差没有差异。总体而言，希思-卡特人体测量体型组成部分显示出：（1）在每种性别中，同卵和异卵双胞胎之间存在显著的相似性，尽管在采用不同分析策略时，男性双胞胎的相似程度会发生变化；（2）相似程度不存在性别差异；（3）同卵双胞胎对之间的相似性高于异卵双胞胎对。这些结果与影响青少年和年轻人体格的遗传变异的存在相一致。