Kanny G, Moneret-Vautrin D A
Service de Médecine interne, Immunologie clinique et Allergologique, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre, France.
Rev Med Brux. 1994 Mar-Apr;15(2):66-70.
Food allergy gathers the bulk of pathologies linked to the immuno-allergic response to various foods. It is most often due to an IgE-dependent mechanism. Food allergy may be expressed by various clinical pictures: atopic dermatitis, asthma, anaphylactic shock, urticaria. Its actual incidence is probably underestimated. Diagnosis rests on logical and rigorous advance of thought based on history, physical examination and dietary inquiries. Skin prick-tests constitute the choice method for searching sensitization towards food allergens. Biological assays directed towards specific IgE are second-intention tests. Oral provocation tests constitute the gold standard for establishing the role of a food in the appearance of symptoms. They should be conducted under close medical supervision. Eviction-reintroduction methods represent a heavy diagnostic approach, with rare indications at the present time. The strictness of the methodology used by the allergologist is essential for establishing the diagnosis of food allergy.
食物过敏涵盖了与对各种食物的免疫过敏反应相关的大部分病症。它最常见于由免疫球蛋白E（IgE）介导的机制。食物过敏可能表现为多种临床症状：特应性皮炎、哮喘、过敏性休克、荨麻疹。其实际发病率可能被低估了。诊断基于依据病史、体格检查和饮食询问进行的合乎逻辑且严谨的思路推进。皮肤点刺试验是检测对食物过敏原致敏的首选方法。针对特异性IgE的生物学检测是次选检测。口服激发试验是确定某种食物在症状出现中作用的金标准。这些试验应在密切的医学监督下进行。排除 - 再引入方法是一种繁琐的诊断方法，目前应用指征较少。过敏症专科医生所采用方法的严格性对于确诊食物过敏至关重要。
