Vinson D C
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia.
Arch Fam Med. 1994 May;3(5):445-51. doi: 10.1001/archfami.3.5.445.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, chronic neurological and behavioral syndrome in children, adolescents, and adults. Research studies carried out with subjects referred to specialists for treatment of ADHD have shown that methylphenidate hydrochloride improves behavior and academic performance in both children and adolescents, at least in the short term. Dextroamphetamine sulfate, pemoline, and desipramine hydrochloride are reasonable second choices for those patients who cannot tolerate or do not respond to methylphenidate. Cognitive-behavioral and family therapies, while intuitively appealing, appear to have weak effects and little empirical validation. The long-term outcome of ADHD as seen in primary care settings is not predictable.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的、慢性的神经和行为综合征，见于儿童、青少年及成人。针对转诊至专科医生处接受ADHD治疗的受试者开展的研究表明，盐酸哌甲酯至少在短期内可改善儿童和青少年的行为及学业表现。硫酸右苯丙胺、匹莫林及盐酸地昔帕明是那些不能耐受或对哌甲酯无反应的患者合理的二线选择。认知行为疗法和家庭疗法虽然从直观上看很有吸引力，但似乎效果不佳且缺乏实证验证。在初级保健机构中所见的ADHD长期转归是不可预测的。
