Humphries T, Koltun H, Malone M, Roberts W
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital For Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1994 Apr;15(2):92-8.
Teachers evaluated the language functioning of 95 boys, aged 6.5 to 13.8 years, identified as having attention problems (AP, n = 30), learning disability (LD, n = 33), or average achievement (AA, n = 32). The three groups did not differ significantly (p > .05) in their frequency of articulation problems. Significantly (p < .05) more AP boys were rated as having pragmatics problems than both of the other groups. AP boys were also viewed as having a higher frequency of receptive/expressive language problems than were AA boys, but not compared with LD boys. LD and AA boys did not differ in their ratings for pragmatics problems, but more LD than AA boys were perceived as having receptive/expressive problems. The average incidence of all types of language problems was highest for the AP boys at 42% with poor pragmatics representing their most frequently rated language difficulty. AP boys' pragmatics difficulties seemed to be characterized by greater difficulty in maintaining than initiating a conversation compared with the other two groups. This difficulty was positively associated with the teachers' ratings of the AP boys' impulsivity.
教师对95名年龄在6.5至13.8岁之间的男孩的语言功能进行了评估,这些男孩被确定为有注意力问题(AP,n = 30)、学习障碍(LD,n = 33)或学业成绩中等(AA,n = 32)。这三组在发音问题的频率上没有显著差异(p > .05)。与其他两组相比,有显著更多(p < .05)的AP男孩被评为有语用问题。与AA男孩相比,AP男孩也被认为接受性/表达性语言问题的频率更高,但与LD男孩相比则不然。LD男孩和AA男孩在语用问题的评分上没有差异,但被认为有接受性/表达性问题的LD男孩比AA男孩更多。所有类型语言问题的平均发生率在AP男孩中最高,为42%,语用能力差是他们最常被评为的语言困难。与其他两组相比,AP男孩的语用困难似乎表现为维持对话比开启对话更困难。这种困难与教师对AP男孩冲动性的评分呈正相关。