Norris F H, Kaniasty K
Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303-3083.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1994 Feb;62(1):111-23. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.62.1.111.
Samples of 105 violent crime victims, 227 property crime victims, and 190 nonvictims provided normative data regarding levels of psychological distress following criminal victimization. At points approximately 3 months, 9 months, and 15 months postcrime, symptoms of depression, somatization, hostility, anxiety, phobic anxiety, fear of crime, and avoidance were assessed. Although crime victims showed substantial improvement between 3 and 9 months, thereafter they did not. Over the course of the study, violent crime victims remained more distressed than did property crime victims who, in turn, remained more distressed than nonvictims. Regression analyses revealed that the effects of crime could not be accounted for by precrime differences between victims and nonvictims in either social status or psychological functioning. However, lasting effects were often contingent on the occurrence of subsequent crimes.
105名暴力犯罪受害者、227名财产犯罪受害者和190名非受害者的样本提供了关于犯罪受害后心理困扰程度的规范数据。在犯罪后约3个月、9个月和15个月时，对抑郁、躯体化、敌意、焦虑、恐惧性焦虑、对犯罪的恐惧和回避等症状进行了评估。虽然犯罪受害者在3至9个月间有显著改善，但之后就没有了。在研究过程中，暴力犯罪受害者比财产犯罪受害者更苦恼，而财产犯罪受害者又比非受害者更苦恼。回归分析显示，犯罪的影响不能用受害者和非受害者在社会地位或心理功能上的犯罪前差异来解释。然而，长期影响往往取决于后续犯罪的发生。
