Robbins C A, Martin S S
Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
J Health Soc Behav. 1993 Dec;34(4):302-21.
The analyses reported here draw on recent work on gender and deviance to derive hypotheses concerning sex differences in drinking behavior, reactions of significant others to male and female intoxication, and the psychological consequences of drinking experiences. The hypotheses are evaluated in structural equation models with recent national data on drinking behavior and consequences. Consistent with the gendered deviance perspective, the results suggest that sex differences in style as well as frequency of intoxication mitigate the adverse consequences of female drinking commonly presumed on the basis of biological vulnerability or societal disapproval of female drunkenness. Compared to males, females become intoxicated less frequently and are less likely to abandon personal control while drinking (as indicated by aggression, blackouts, and rapid ingestion). As expected, these sex differences in drinking behavior are smaller among adolescents than among adults. Partly as a result of this different drinking style, significant others are no more likely to criticize girls or women for their drinking than they are to criticize boys or men. Two hypotheses concerning the greater psychological vulnerability of females to depression as a result of drinking or criticism of drinking by significant others are supported among youths but not among adults.
本文所报告的分析借鉴了近期关于性别与越轨行为的研究成果，以得出关于饮酒行为中的性别差异、重要他人对男性和女性醉酒的反应以及饮酒经历的心理后果的假设。这些假设在结构方程模型中通过近期关于饮酒行为及后果的全国性数据进行评估。与性别化越轨行为观点一致，结果表明，醉酒方式和频率上的性别差异减轻了通常基于生理易感性或社会对女性醉酒的不认可而假定的女性饮酒的不良后果。与男性相比，女性醉酒频率较低，且饮酒时不太可能失去自我控制（如表现为攻击性、失忆和快速饮酒）。正如预期的那样，青少年饮酒行为中的这些性别差异比成年人中的要小。部分由于这种不同的饮酒方式，重要他人批评女孩或女性饮酒的可能性并不比批评男孩或男性更高。关于女性因饮酒或重要他人对饮酒的批评而在心理上更容易患抑郁症的两个假设在青少年中得到支持，但在成年人中未得到支持。
